The effectiveness of government spending on education and health care in developing and transition economies

Recent studies show that corruption is associated with higher military spending [Eur. J. Polit. Econ. 17 (2001) 794] and lower government spending on education and health care [J. Publ. Econ. 69 (1998) 263]. This suggests that policies aimed at reducing corruption may lead to changes in the composition of government outlays toward more productive spending. However, little empirical evidence has been presented to support the claim that public spending improves education and health indicators in developing and transition countries. This paper uses cross-sectional data for 50 such countries to show that increased public expenditure on education and health care is associated with improvements in both access to and attainment in schools, and reduces mortality rates for infants and children. The education regressions are robust to different specifications, but the relationship between health care spending and mortality rates is weaker.     

建立高校二级财务管理运行机制的思考

随着我国高等教育改革的逐步深化,高校办学规模急剧扩大,财务管理内涵日益丰富,高校原有的财务管理体制已经无法适应新的办学要求,建立高校二级财务制度,规范二级财务管理已迫在眉睫。本文从分析构建高校二级财务管理制度必要性入手,提出了建立高校二级财务管理运行机制的思路,并对二级财务管理的绩效评价指标进行了简单设计。     

Three‐period,two‐treatment crossover design under long‐term carryover effect

The paper describes non‐parametric approach for analysis of a three‐period, two‐treatment, four‐sequence crossover design in which test procedure for interchangeability of the treatment effects is obtained. The proposed procedure is based on a non‐parametric model, which incorporates, along with the direct treatment effects and the usual carryover effects, the long‐term carryover effects. Relevant competitors are obtained. Related asymptotic results are given. By performing simulation study, we compared the procedures with respect to type I error rate and power. Furthermore, confidence intervals for treatment differences are studied. The procedures are illustrated with a data study.     

中学地理教学中运用“学案导学”教学模式的体会

本文对中学地理教学中运用"学案导学"教学模式进行了总结,提出学案导学教学模式的一般步骤、优缺点,以及运用"学案导学"模式需要注意的问题。     

Developing Inclusive Communities of Learners in Technology Education: Practical Craft Skills - Facilitator or Hindrance

This paper examines the rationale for the Woodworking Skills section of a course on Practical Craft Skills which forms part of the new technology curriculum in Scottish Schools. Introduced with the intention of making technology subjects more accessible to a wider range of pupils, the subject has potential for contributing to a more inclusive environment in secondary schools. The practical nature of the subject, moreover, should, in theory at least, have been able to contribute particularly well to the development of a community of practice (Wenger, 1998).In education, however, practice does not always reflect theory nor reality reflect the rhetoric. This paper examines the assumptions underlying the pedagogy and assessment methods outlined in the rationale for the subject in relation to current theory and concludes that a valuable opportunity for creating an inclusive community of learners has been missed. Whilst the paper focuses on the Woodworking Skills area of the course, other areas reflect a similar framework.     

Problem-solving in teaching/learning packages for Technology

In the project Technology in Secondary Education: Problem-solving in Teaching/learning Packages, two experiments regarding a construction problem and an explanation problem were conducted, in which two variants of a teching/learning package (strongly structuredvs. weakly structured) were compared. Only with the strongly structured instructional variant of the package for the explanation problem did the pupils come to a quick solution of the problem. In both experiments, the factors that influenced the problem-solving processes of the pupils were investigated. The results are of importance for curriculum developers and the authors of teaching/learning packages for Technology but further research into the factors influencing the problem solving process of pupils is necessary.     

洪河自然保护区杨桦林植物多样性及保护

杨桦林是洪河自然保护区常见的次生林,在不同的立地条件下单独形成山杨或白桦纯林,也可二者混交形成杨桦林,为过渡林相,在有种源或人工引入红松的情况下,将逐渐恢复成地带性物红松针阔混交林,现存面积673．41hm^2,占林地面积的40％,组成植物153种,隶属于51科104属。     

面料二次设计方法在礼服中的应用研究

叙述了面料二次设计的概念及其分类,分析了礼服设计中面料二次设计的表现技法,阐述了面料二次设计对礼服设计的影响,为服装设计师提供礼服设计的新思路。     

高校二级学院学生党员党务工作研究

目前,学生党员党务工作还存在着教育形式相对陈旧、管理机制不够健全、党务工作力量薄弱、学生党员主体作用不大等问题,因此,建立二级学院学生党员党务管理中心具有非常重要的意义;同时,可以围绕组织发展审查、入党积极分子培训和党员继续教育、党员实践活动阵地拓展、党员先锋模范作用的发挥等方面建立党员党务管理中心工作体系;再从入党教育、学生党员发展、组织建设、学生党员考评等方面建立运行机制,以确保中心正常有序地运行。     

DZD-1柴油加氢精制催化剂的性能及工业应用

研制出以改性的国产γ-Al2O3为载体,以钨镍为活性组分的DZD-1柴油加氢精制催化剂,并通过了活性稳定性试验。以大庆石化公司炼油厂催化柴油和焦化柴油的混合油为原料,在氢分压8.0MPa、体积空速2.5h-1～2.7h-1、氢油比340:1～360:1、反应器床层平均温度327～380℃的工艺条件下,可生产出硫含量小于50μg·g-1的柴油。